I) TENSES:
1)
a) Present Simple
Die Present Simple wird für allgemeine Aussagen und Beschreibungen in
der Gegenwart verwendet.
-Water boils
at 100°C and it freezes at 0°C.
-The Millers live
in San Diego
Man benützt sie auch, um auszudrücken, dass
etwas immer wieder, nie, oft, selten usw. geschieht.
-Every Year, we visit
our grandmother who lives in Spain
Time Indicators:
always
|
immer
|
never
|
nie
|
often
|
oft
|
seldom/
seldomly
|
selten
|
rarely
|
selten
|
sometimes
|
manchmal
|
usually
|
normalerweise
|
as a rule
|
regelmäßig
|
regularly
|
regelmäßig
|
every day,
weekend …
|
jeden Tag,
jedes Wochenende…
|
every now and
then
|
hin und wieder
|
normally
|
normalerweise
|
generally
|
normalerweise
|
frequently
|
oft
|
Bildung: „base form“
ACHTUNG! He, she, it, ‚s’ muss mit!!!, also nicht das ‘s’ am Ende des Wortes
vergessen!
Sonderfälle: to
be: I
am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she
is
it
is
Modals: can, may, must,… bekommen kein ‚s’ bei he, she, it…
Übung 1: choose a verb from the box and
fill in the correct form!
be – take – visit – like – live – smile – must – get
up – go - be
|
1) Peter often
_________ his grandmother in the afternoon. She _______ in a nice house.
2) I always
__________ the bus at 7:30 .
I ________ be in school at 7:55 .
3) Sometimes, we
______ for a walk in the mountains on weekends. I ________ hiking.
4) Sue ______________
late as a rule. Her parents _____ fed up with her because of that.
5) The teacher
rarely _________; she ____ always very angry!
1) b) Present Progressive
1) b) Present Progressive
Die Present Progressive (oder Present
Continuous) wird verwendet, um auszudrücken, dass etwas gerade jetzt geschieht.
-Listen, the baby is
crying.
-At the moment, Mark is watching TV.
Außerdem drückt sie aus, dass etwas nur vorübergehend
geschieht.
-Normally he works as a doctor, but
currently he is jobbing in the
supermarket.
-I’m living in Austria Great Britain
Des weiteren kann man in Beschwerden mit
Hilfe der Present Progressive Verärgerung zum Ausdruck bringen!
-Agnes is
always coming late! I really hate it!
-The kids are often making such a noise that you cannot concentrate! It’s
horrible!
Time Indicators:
now
|
jetzt gerade
|
at the moment
|
im Moment
|
currently
|
derzeit
|
in this moment
|
im Moment
|
Außerdem wird die Present Progressive oft durch folgende Wörter und
Phrasen eingeleitet:
Listen!
|
Hör mal!
|
Look!
|
Sieh mal! Schau mal!
|
Watch out!
|
Pass auf!
|
In Sätzen, die einen Kontrast ausdrücken wollen, werden oft Present
Simple und Present Progressive gegenübergestellt.
usually + Present Simple, but at the moment + Present Progressive
Bildung: „to be“ + ‚ing’-Form des Verbs
to be: I am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she
is
it
is
Sonderfälle: Gefühlsverben (feel, hear,
see) können normalerweise nicht in der Present Progressive stehen. Auch Modal
Verbs stehen nie in der ‘ing’-Form!
Einige Verben
bekommen eine andere Bedeutung, wenn sie in der ‚ing’-Form stehen!
Übung 2: chose a verb from the box and
fill in the correct form!
arrive – take – cry – slide - cook
|
1) Listen! The baby ________________ again!
2) Normally Ruth works in a bank, but at the moment
she ______________ a vacation.
3) Look, the car _______________ on the slippery
ground!
4) At the moment, mother __________________ dinner.
5) The buses in Los
Angeles
Übung 3: Present Simple or Progressive?
1)
Tim often (go) _______ to
school by bus. But sometimes he (decide) _________ to walk on foot or take the
bike.
2)
Lisa (be) _____ a very clever
kid! She always (know) __________ everything! At the moment, Lisa (take part)
______________ in a school contest. She (must) ________ study a lot for the
contest, but her parents (help) ___________ her wherever they can.
3)
When it (rain) __________, the
streets (be) ______ slippery.
4)
I usually (not like)
____________ rap-music, but I (think) __________ that Eminem (make) ___________
quite good music.
5)
Kim (work) ____________ as a
taxi driver, but her real job (be) ____ teaching.
6)
Usually, people in Australia
7)
I really (like) __________ Mel.
I (think) _______ she (be) ____ one of the cutest girls in our class. But I
(know) __________ that she (not like) ________________ me.
8)
It’s really annoying! The
teacher (always come) ____________________ too late to his lesson, and then we
(must) _________ stay in longer!
9)
Sometimes winters in Southern California (can) _______ be really warm, but
this year it (be) _____ quite cold. At the moment, it (rain) _____________ in Los Angeles
10) The doctor (have) ___________ many patients. He (must) _________
work every day from 7 in the morning to 9 in the evening, and he never (have)
_________ time to take a vacation.
11) Mother always (tell) __________ me that I should go to bed early,
but I generally (prefer) __________ staying up and reading a good book.
12) Look, the birds (sit) _____________ on the roof of our neighbor’s
house.
13) Listen, I (only tell) _____________________ you this once! Mom
(want) __________ you to carry out the dustbin and take the dog for a walk!
14) When the baby-boy (be) _____ unhappy, he usually (start) __________
crying until his mom (take) ___________ him out of his pram and (sit) _______
him on her lap.
15) When you (put) ________ cheese and marmalade on your toast, you will
feel sick afterwards!
16) The song (be) _____ really boring, but the radio (play)
_______________________ it again and again! I really hate that!
17) They (want) ____________ to improve the school system. They (say)
______ that every student (must) __________ get the chance to graduate.
18) Americans frequently (move) __________ from one state to another.
They (sell) ________ their old house and (buy) _________ a new one in another
town. Kids often (suffer) __________ from moving to another neighborhood. They
(lose) _________ all their friends and (must) __________ find new ones in an
unknown town.
19) Where (be) ______ Sandy and Jane? – At the moment, they (train)
_____________ on the sports field. They (take part) _____________ in this
year’s national cheerleading contest!
20) Paul rarely (go out) ____________ on Saturdays. But today he (meet)
_________ an old friend of his. At the moment, they (sit) ____________ in a
bar, chatting about old times.
2)
a) Past Simple
Die Past Tense ist bereits abgeschlossen! Es
gibt also keine Verbindung zur Gegenwart mehr!
Die Past Simple wird für allgemeine Aussagen und Beschreibungen in
der Vergangenheit sowie für kurz
dauernde abgeschlossene Handlungen verwendet.
-The weather was
beautiful.
-The Millers lived
in San Diego
-Pete went to
the shop and bought a pizza.
Man benützt sie auch, um auszudrücken, dass
etwas in der Vergangenheit immer wieder, nie, oft, selten usw. geschah.
-Every Year, they visited
grandmother who lived in Spain
Time Indicators:
last year, week …
|
letztes Jahr, letzte Woche …
|
yesterday
|
gestern
|
on Monday, Tuesday…
|
am Montag, Dienstag…
|
three days ago
|
vor drei Tagen
|
Wenn aus dem Kontext klar ist, dass es
sich um eine Handlung in der Vergangernheit handelt, sind auch folgende Wörter
Time Indicators:
always
|
immer
|
never
|
nie
|
often
|
oft
|
seldom/
seldomly
|
selten
|
rarely
|
selten
|
sometimes
|
manchmal
|
usually
|
normalerweise
|
as a rule
|
regelmäßig
|
regularly
|
regelmäßig
|
every day,
weekend …
|
jeden Tag,
jedes Wochenende…
|
every now and
then
|
hin und wieder
|
normally
|
normalerweise
|
generally
|
normalerweise
|
frequently
|
oft
|
Bildung: regular verbs: „base form“+ „ed“
irregular verbs:
in der Tabelle weiter unten sind die meisten unregelmäßigen Formen aufgelistet
Sonderfälle: Um auszudrücken, dass etwas immer wieder geschah, kann man auch would
+ base form verwenden
-Every day Grandma’ would walk to the little store, where she bought some milk and a
few rolls.
Um auszudrücken, dass etwas nur
früher so war, jetzt aber ‚aus und vorbei’ ist, kann man auch used
to + base form verwenden.
Diese Form wird speziell für frühere Gewohnheiten
(Rauchen, …) verwendet.
- I used to smoke, but I gave it up when I became
pregnant.
- There used to be a park, but they
changed it into an industrial area.
2) b) Past Progressive
Die Past Progressive (oder Past Continuous)
wird ausnahmslos für Handlungen, die bereits abgeschlossen sind, verwendet! Sie
wird für folgende Fälle gebraucht:
- Vergangene länger andauernde Handlungen.
-The baby was
crying all afternoon.
- Beschreibung, was jemand zu einem
bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit gerade tat.
-What were
you doing yesterday at 3 o’clock ?
– I was playing chess with my friends.
- Hintergrundhandlungen und
Hintergrundinformation sowie Beschreibung des Wetters.
- It was
raining when they arrived. In the street, many pedestrians were walking around, and detective
Hutch was sitting in a café reading the paper.
- Manchmal werden auch Beschwerden über
etwas, das in der Vergangenheit geschah, mit der Past Progressive gebildet.
(Diese Handlungen sind jedoch ohnehin meist länger dauernd)
- It was horrible, they were talking and talking, but no-one was listening!
Time Indicators:
Da es sich um eine Form der Past Tense handelt, gelten die gleichen
Signalwörter wie für die Past Simple. Jedoch muss beachtet werden, dass zusätzlich
Time Indicators, die auf eine längere Handlungsdauer hinweisen, hinzukommen…
for an hour
|
eine Stunde lang
|
all afternoon (long)
|
den ganzen Nachmittag (lang)
|
while …
|
während …
|
Bildung: „was/were“ + ‚ing’-Form des Verbs
to be: I was we
were
you
were you
were
he
was they
were
she
was
it
was
Sonderfälle: Gefühlsverben (feel, hear,
see) können normalerweise nicht in der Past Progressive stehen, „to be“ steht
auch nie in der Past Progressive. Einige Verben bekommen eine andere Bedeutung,
wenn sie in der ‚ing’-Form stehen!
2)
c) Past Simple & Past Progressive - Unterschiede
In einigen Fällen stehen beide Tenses im
selben Satz; Hierbei handelt es sich meist um den Kontrast zwischen kurzen Handlungen im Gegensatz zu längeren Handlungen.
Es gibt grundsätzlich folgende 3 Fälle:
- Mehrere vergangene und abgeschlossene
Handlungen folgen aufeinander; sie geschehen eine nach der anderen. Hierbei stehen alle Handlungen in der Past Simple.
- The burglar broke
the window. Then he got in
through it. He stole the jewellery
and jumped out again.
- Mehrere vergangene und abgeschlossene
Handlungen geschehen gleichzeitig
(Es handelt sich hierbei fast immer um länger andauernde Handlungen.) Die Past Progressive wird für alle
Handlungen verwendet.
- I was reading a book and Sammy was doing her
homework.
-He was just walking out of the store when I was
driving round the corner.
- Eine kurze
und plötzliche vergangene und abgeschlossene Handlung unterbricht eine (oder mehrere) länger andauernde vergangene und abgeschlossene Handlung(en). Die
kurze, unterbrechende Handlung steht in der Past Simple, die längere(n) Handlung(en) in der Past Progressive.
- Ina
was having a shower when the
doorbell rang.
-The
teacher was explaining the rules and
all students were listening
attentively, when suddenly a loud scream shocked
everybody.
Übung 4: Übersetze ins Englische:
1)
Der Sturm blies sehr heftig.
Die Fenster machten laute Geräusche, und ich hörte, dass draußen Hunde bellten.
2)
Wir gingen zur Bar, bestellten
und drei Drinks, tranken sie schnell und liefen dann zum Bahnhof.
3)
Manchmal ging Old Bill seine
Mutter besuchen, doch oft blieb er zu Hause, und sah fern.
4)
Großvater
ging immer in den Keller, wo er einen Whisky trank.
5)
Er war gerade dabei, einen
Brief zu schreiben, als das Telefon klingelte.
6)
Das Wetter war schön, es war
warm und die Sonne scheinte. Doch der Wind bließ ein bisschen.
7)
Früher rauchte ich ungefähr 10
Zigaretten am Tag, doch ich gab das rauchen auf, als ich heiratete.
8)
Der Mann redete und redete. Er
erzählte den Kindern alles, was sie wissen wollten.
9)
Wir lernten die Grammatikregeln
vor 3 Jahren in der 2. Klasse. Aber ich schwätzte immer mit meinen Freunden und
hörte dem Lehrer nie zu.
10) Ich mochte Liz nie sehr gern, doch als sie mir sagte, dass ich eine
dumme Kuh war, hasste ich sie wirklich!
11) Übung 5: Past Simple or Progressive?
1)
When he (be) ______ young, Tom
often (go) _______ to school by bike. But in winter, he usually (decide)
_________ to take the bus.
2)
Lynn
3)
It (rain) __________,and the
streets (be) ______ slippery.
4)
I never (listen) ____________ to
rap-music when I was younger. I always
(go) _______ to rock’n roll concerts instead.
5)
They (drive) _____________
along Sunset Blvd. when suddenly the left front tire (blast) __________ and
they (crash) ____________ into a hydrant.
6)
Usually, Lou and Lona (go out)
___________ on Saturday nights, but that particular night they (stay)
_____________ at home.
7)
When I first (hear) __________
that song I already (love) _________ it.
8)
The weather (be) _______ nice.
The sun (shine) _______________, the birds (sing) ______________ in the trees,
and young couples (walk) _____________ through the park hand in hand.
9)
Grandma’ (always take)
______________________ the dog for a walk in the forest.
10) Many patients (wait) _________________ in the waiting room, so the
doctor (have to) ______________ work until 9 in the evening. When he finally
(leave) __________ his office, it (be) ____ already at night, and the stars
(sparkle) _____________ in the sky.
11) Mother always (tell) _________________ me that I should go to bed
early, but I generally (prefer) __________ staying up and reading a good book.
12) The birds (sit) ________________ on the roof of our neighbor’s
house.
13) Yesterday mom (want) ____________ me to carry out the dustbin and
take the dog for a walk! Then I (have to) ____________ go shopping, and finally
she (send) ________ me to our neighbor to help him in the garden.
14) He (switch on) ____________ the computer, (type in) _____________
the password, (open) ___________ the program and (delete) ____________ all the
data.
15) He (not know) _______________ what to do. The dead man (lie)
______________ on the ground, and everything (be) ______ full of blood. His
fingers (shake) _______________ when he (dial) ___________ ‘911’.
16) The evening (be) _____ really boring, but Isabel (make) _________
the best of it and (start) __________ a nice conversation with the nice boy.
They (talk) ____________ for quite a while, and finally it (turn out)
____________ that they had been in the same class in primary school.
17) They (want) ____________ to improve their English, so they (decide)
__________ to do some exercises.
18) After World War II, many American soldiers (stay) _________ in Europe and (marry) ____________.
19) Jay Z and Linking
Park
20) When I (arrive) ___________, the first thing I (realize) ___________
(be) _____ the many palm trees. The wind (blow) ________________ gently, and the
high palms (nod) ______________ around. The sun, that (slowly sink)
________________ _________ into the Pacific Ocean ,
(give) __________ everything a soft, reddish touch.
21) The police (chase) _____________ the thief down the freeway. They
(drive) ___________ at high speed, when suddenly the criminal (pull) _________
his car around and (leave) __________ the road. The cops (try) _________ to
stop him, but they (fail) ______________.
3)
a) Present Perfect Simple
Die Present Perfect Tense drückt aus, dass etwas
in der Vergangenheit begonnen hat, jedoch bis in die Gegenwart reicht. Es
handelt sich also um unabgeschlossene Handlungen.
Die Present Perfect Simple wird für allgemeine Aussagen verwendet.
-I have
forgotten my homework.
-The Millers have
lived in San Diego
Außerdem beschreibt sie vergangene Handlungen, die Folgen in der Gegenwart haben.
-They have
painted the chair; now you can’t sit down on it.
-The car has
crashed into the wall; now it is burning.
Time Indicators:
since
|
seit
|
for
|
seit
|
already
|
schon
|
yet
|
schon
|
lately
|
kürzlich, in letzter Zeit
|
recently
|
kürzlich
|
just
|
gerade (vorher)
|
never
|
noch nie
|
ever
|
schon (einmal)
|
this week/year
|
diese Woche/ dieses Jahr (schon)
|
Bildung: have/ has + 3rd form
for oder since
for = Zeitdauer
for hours...
for weeks...
for a minute...
for three years...
|
since = Zeitpunkt
since
since last monday
since the weekend
since 1983
|
3)
b) Present Perfect Progressive
Die Present Perfect Progressive wird in
folgenden Fällen verwendet:
- Durchgehende
und ununterbrochene (lang dauernde) Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit
begonnen haben, und bis in die Gegenwart reichen.
-I have been
living in this place since I was born; I’ve never left the city.
-Iris has been
studying all afternoon.
- Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit
begonnen haben, aber noch nicht
abgeschlossen sind.
-I have
been reading this book; I haven’t yet finished it.
- Beschwerden
über etwas, das in der Vergangenheit begonnen hat und bis jetzt andauert.
- Where have you been? I have been waiting for you for 15
minutes!
Verben wie wait, stand in the rain, look for etc. drücken etwas Unangenehmes
aus und stehen deshalb fast immer in der Present Perfect Progressive.
Bildung: have/ has + been + ‚ing’-Form
Übung 6: Übersetze:
1)
Ich habe schon seit 10 Uhr auf
Ihren Anruf gewartet!
2)
Sie geht seit 3 Jahren zur High
School.
3)
Die Kinder haben sich in
letzter Zeit sehr brav benommen.
4)
Julian sieht schon den ganzen
Nachmittag durchgehend fern.
5)
Ich habe bereits mehr als 5
Stunden an diesem Grammatik-Intensivkurs gearbeitet!
6)
Das Auto ist in ein anderes
Auto gefahren; jetzt muss der Pannendienst kommen.
7)
Ich habe schon angefangen, die
Hausübung zu schreiben.
8)
Petey ist noch nicht nach Hause
gekommen.
9)
Es ist gerade 3 Uhr Nachts
geworden.
10) Warst du schon einmal in Paris
Übung 7: Present Perfect Simple oder
Present Perfect Progressive; since oder for:
1) They (live) ______________ in this house
______ 1985.
2) We (not go) ________________ to the
theater _____ a long time.
3) _____ how long (you wait)
_________________ for me?
4) (You watch) ___________________ what we
were doing _____ you came here?
5) I (not be on a vacation)
________________ _____ years!
6) The soup (be) ____________ on the stove
_____ long enough now.
7) She (learn) ______________ Russian _____
10 years.
8) I (try) __________________ to reach you
on the phone _____ this morning!
9) The old man (live) _______________ this house
_____ as long as I can remember.
10) He (not see) _____________ his mother
_____ ages.
11) The mechanic (not arrive)
_______________ yet. We must wait until he comes.
12) I (not watched) _____________ TV _____
at least a month ago!
13) The girl (cry) ______________constantly
______ 8 in the morning.
14) _____ when (they be married) ___________________?
_____ exactly one year.
15) I (not hear) ________________ this song
_____ a long time.
16) They (go on our nerves)
_______________________ with this _____ several days!
17) They (want) ________________ to visit this
city ______ they can remember.
18) (I not tell you) _____________________
to write a message to all employees?
19) I (drink) _____________ six glasses of
juice. Now I must go to the loo.
20) I (feel) ______________ sick ____ 3
days now, and I (not leave) ______________ my bed ______ Saturday.
4)
Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect Progressive
Die Past Perfect Tense beschreibt einer
Handlung, die vor einer anderen vergangenen Handlung geschah. Sie entspricht
der deutschen Vorvergangenheit.
Die Past
Perfect Simple entspricht hier der Past Simple, sie wird für allgemeine Aussagen und Beschreibungen vor
der Vergangenheit sowie für kurz
dauernde abgeschlossene Handlungen in der Vorvergangenheit verwendet.
-The weather had
been beautiful, but then it started to rain.
-The Millers had
lived in San Diego Los Angeles
-Pete came back from the shop where he had bought a pizza.
Die Past Perfect Progressive entspricht der
Past Progressive und wird in folgenden Fällen verwendet:
- Länger andauernde Handlungen, die eine
vergangene Handlung herbeigeführt haben.
-The baby had
been crying all afternoon, so mother was really exhausted.
- Hintergrundhandlungen und
Hintergrundinformation sowie Beschreibung des Wetters in der Vorvergangenheit.
- It had been
raining all week long, and so the roads were wet and slippery.
- In der Indirekten Rede werden auch
Beschwerden über etwas in der Vorvergangenheit mit der Past Perfect Progressive
gebildet. (Diese Handlungen sind jedoch ohnehin meist länger dauernd)
- It was horrible, they had been talking and talking and everyone was bored.
Time Indicators:
Die Past Perfect Tense (Simple & Progressive) beschreibt immer
eine vorangegangene Handlung in der Vergangenheit; es müssen also immer
mindestens zwei Handlungen beschrieben werden, von denen eine vor der anderen
geschah.
Einige Signalwörter können die folgenden sein
before
|
vor(her)
|
after
|
nachdem
|
so
|
also
|
this is why
|
und deshalb
|
until
|
bis
|
Bildung: Past Perfect Simple: Past Perfect
Progressive:
had + 3rd form had
+ been + „ing“-Form
Übung 8:
Übersetze:
1)
Nachdem
der Patient ins Krankenhaus gekommen war, operierte ihn der Arzt.
2)
Die
Frau sah, dass jemand ihr Auto gestohlen hatte.
3)
Sie
hatten in Amsterdam
4)
Bis er
seinen 12. Geburtstag feierte hatte er noch nie das Meer gesehen.
5)
Die
Arbeiter hatten den ganzen Tag viel gearbeitet, und deshalb waren sie sehr
müde.
6)
Er
ging ins Kino; vorher hatte er noch seine Freundin getroffen.
7)
Den ganzen Tag hatte die Sonne gescheint, also
war es sehr heiß.
8)
Er
hatte Deutschland schon einmal besucht, doch in diesem Sommer war er zum ersten
Mal in Berlin
9)
Die
Römer bauten großartige Gebäude; zuvor
hatten nur die Griechen so eindrucksvoll gebaut.
10)
Er
hatte es den ganzen Tag versucht, und nun war er müde.
Übung 9: Verbinde die Sätze mit hilfe
der Past Perfect Tense:
1)
Someone broke in through the
window. The lady came home.
2)
I met the girl in the morning.
I saw her again in the afternoon.
3)
The house was burning. The
cables short-circuited.
4)
The roads were slippery. It
snowed all night long.
5)
She was happy when she saw her
mother again. She was waiting for this moment for a long time.
Übung 10: Fill in:
1)
When he (arrive) __________ at
the airport the plane (already take off) ___________ ___________________.
2)
We (go) _____________ really
fast, but we still (not manage) __________________ to catch the bus.
3)
She (be) _________ really
annoyed. The neighbors (make) ________________ noise all night long.
4)
After his girlfriend (leave)
______________ him, he (spend) ____________ all night drinking Vodka in the bar
around the corner.
5)
Finally they (perform)
___________________ their new play. They (rehearse) __________________________
for more than a month.
6)
Future Tenses
Im Englischen gibt es
sehr viele Möglichkeiten, eine Handlung, die in der Zukunft geschehen wird,
auszudrücken. Die wichtigste Unterscheidung ist die zwischen „will“-Future und
„going to“-Future, doch auch alle anderen Future Tenses werden sehr oft
gebraucht!
Übrigens: Modal Verbs (can, may, must…) stehen
immer in der Present Simple!
6) a) “will”-Future
Simple
Die „will“-Future Simple
beschreibt einfache Handlungen und allgemeine Aussagen. Sie wird in folgenden
Fällen verwendet:
-Spontane
Entscheidungen
-Come on, I will help you.
-I have just decided that I will go to the movies
tonite.
-Vorhersagen & Wetterbericht
-The test will
not be easy.
-They say that the storm will reach Florida
-Tomorrow, the weather will be cloudy, and it will
rain in most parts of the country later in the afternoon.
-Versprechen & Vereinbarungen
-I will
take out the dustbin tonite, but you will look after the baby.
-I promise, I will never do something like that again.
-Unsicherheit in Bezug
auf die Zukunft, Vermutung
-They will
probably come at 5 or 6 in the evening.
-We’ll call
unless we forget it.
-Bei “if”-Sätzen (Conditional I) wird im Hauptsatz immer
will-future verwendet.
-If you don’t go to
bed now, you will be tired tomorrow.
-They will kill me if I don’t tell them who
stole the car.
Time Indicators:
Es gibt mehrere Time Indicators für die
“will”-Future; hier sind einige aufgelistet:
promise
|
versprechen
|
I have just decided
that …
|
Ich habe gerade
beschlossen, dass …
|
come on, …
|
komm schon, …
|
probably
|
vielleicht
|
maybe
|
vielleicht
|
possibly
|
vielleicht
|
it may be that
|
es kann sein, dass…
|
it isn’t sure that
|
es ist nicht sicher, dass
|
Bildung: will + base form will
not = won’t
6) b)
“will”-Future Progressive
Die „will“-Future
Progressive beschreibt immer länger andauernde Vorgänge; sie drückt aus, was zu
einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft gerade geschehen wird.
-Next year at this
time I will be sitting in Brazil
-I think that they will be playing cards when we come
home.
Bildung: will + be + “ing”-Form
6) c) “going
to”-Future Simple
Die „going to“-Future Simple
wird in folgenden Fällen verwendet:
-Pläne und
geplante Vorhaben
-I am going to
visit my uncle next week.
-They are going
to sing a song at the prom. They have been rehearsing a lot.
-Vorhersagen, für die Beweise vorhanden
sind; etwas, das offensichtlich geschehen wird.
-The test is
going to be difficult; the teacher has told everyone to study hard.
-Look at those dark clouds! It’s going to rain soon!
-Beabsichtigte Handlungen in der Zukunft
-She has been reading a lot about piercings lately, so
I suppose she is going to buy a
piercing soon!
-I am going to buy a new car, because my old one doesn’t really work
any more.
-Sicherheit in Bezug
auf die Zukunft
-They are
certainly going to come.
-We’re going to
call you as soon as we arrive at the airport.
Time Indicators:
certainly
|
sicherlich
|
surely
|
sicherlich
|
definately
|
bestimmt
|
look!
|
sieh mal…
|
we have already decided
|
wir haben bereits
beschlossen
|
Bildung: to be + going to + base form
to be: I am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she
is
it
is
Anmerkung: Umgangssprachlich
wird „going to” vor allem in den USA
öfters mit „gonna“ abgekürzt.
6) d) “going to”-Future Progressive
Die „going to“-Future Progressive kommt nur
recht selten vor. Mit ihr kann man länger andauernde Vorgänge, die bestimmt in
der Zukunft geschehen werden, beschreiben.
-Next week they are
going to be writing a 3-hour test.
-Telling from the clouds in the sky I’m sure it’s gonna be raining all night long.
Bildung: “to be” + going to be + “ing”-Form
to be: I am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she
is
it
is
6) e)
Present Progressive als Future Tense
Die Present
Progressive kann Handlungen in der Zukunft beschreiben, die bereits fixiert, geplant
und ausgemacht (fixed, planned and arranged) sind. Es handelt sich also um
etwas, das ganz bestimmt eintreten wird. Wichtig ist, dass der Sprecher/ bzw.
der Handelnde selbst Einfluss auf das Geschehen hat.
-We are staying
at the Hilton. I’ve already called them and they will receive a room for us.
-They are performing in the big hall. They’ve already
arranged everything.
Bildung: to be + “ing”-Form
to be: I am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she is
it
is
Anmerkung: Oft
kann die Present Progressive als Future Tense durch die „going to“-Future
ersetzt werden; es ergibt sich dann aber eine leichte Änderung des Sinnes, weil
die Present Progressive ausdrückt, dass etwas ganz sicher geschehen wird, die
going to aber nur „recht wahrscheinlich“ ist…
6) f)
Present Simple – die “Timetable” Future
Grundsätzlich kann im
Englischen – anders als im Deutschen – die Zukunft nicht durch die Gegenwart ausgedrückt werden!
Es ist jedoch möglich,
offizielle Zeitangaben mit Hilfe der Present Simple auszudrücken; dies lässt
sich dadurch erklären, dass diese Handlungen oder Vorgänge ja immer wieder
eintreffen! Es handelt sich also nicht wirklich um eine „reine“ Future Tense…
In jedem Fall darf die
Present Simple als Future Tense nur
verwendet werden, wenn die betroffene
Person keinen Einfluss auf die Handlung hat!
-The train leaves
at 5:34 . (It leaves whether
I’m in it or not…)
-They broadcast the news at 10pm .
Bildung: „base
form“
ACHTUNG! He, she, it, ‚s’ muss mit!!!, also nicht das ‘s’ am Ende des
Wortes vergessen!
to
be: I
am we
are
you
are you
are
he
is they
are
she
is
it
is
Anmerkung: Für offizielle Ankündigungen (also keine
reinen Zeitangaben) wird normalerweise die „will“-Future
verwendet.
6) g)
Future Perfect (Vorvergangenheit)
Die Future Perfect drückt
aus, dass etwas zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft bereits geschehen
sein wird.
-This time next year we will have had all our final exams already.
-They will have
arrived at the station by 9 or 10 in the evening.
Time Indicators:
by 10 in the evening
|
gegen 10 am Abend
|
this time next year
|
nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit
|
Bildung: will
+ have + 3rd form
Übung 11:
will oder going to:
1)
They
(have) ________________ a party next week.
2)
If
you keep playing around, I (not give) _________________ you any sweets.
3)
I
have an idea! I (help) _______________ mom in the kitchen, and you (take)
_______________ the dog for a walk.
4)
I
promise I (never shout) _____________________ at you again.
5)
All
this smoking (cost) __________________ you your life sooner or later!
6)
He
always coughs and breathes very hard; he (get) _________________ serious health
problems soon because of his smoking!
7)
They
have decided that they (accept) _________________________ the proposal.
8)
It’s
already late, so his mom (send) ________________ him to bed soon.
9)
What
(you do) _____________________ this summer? – I don’t know yet, maybe I (visit)
__________________ a friend of mine in France Greece
10)
Maybe Henry (visit) ________________ us this
winter.
Übung 12: Fülle die
korrekte Future Tense ein – (alle Future Tenses möglich!):
1)
I (not accept)
________________________ your excuse! I’m sure that you (do)
_____________________ the same again next time if I let you go through with
this!
2)
I promise that I (be)
_________________ more careful next time!
3)
The teacher has warned us that
our next math’s test (not be) ________________ as easy as the first one was.
4)
By 6 o’clock , they (leave) ____________________ the place.
5)
I hope she (call)
_________________ me if there are any problems!
6)
If they come tonite, we (let)
________________ them sleep in the living room. If they come tomorrow, they
(can) _____________ look for a hotel room.
7)
Next week we (visit)
________________ Aunt Tammy in England
8)
The shops (close)
_______________ at 7, so we (must) ____________ hurry up if we want to be in
time!
9)
Next week this time I (sit)
______________________ in the sun, and I (enjoy) _____________________ a tasty
cocktail!
10) This Christmas, the Millers (stay) ____________________ in a
Wellness Hotel in the mountains! Mr. Miller has already booked the rooms.
11) Come on, I (help) __________________ you with your homework so we
(can) _______________ go to the pub afterwards.
12) Oh, no! Look at these clouds! It (rain) ___________________!
13) The weather report for next week: On Monday, it (be) ______________
sunny and warm in most parts of the country, only in the east, some clouds (be
found) ______________ in the late afternoon…
14) I suppose they (explain) ______________ what has happened when they
come home.
15) Oh no, I hope he (not break) _______________ anything. The vases are
really expensive!
16) He promises he (repair) ________________ the washing machine next
week.
17) They have already warned us that they (do)
_____________________________ repair works on this all day long, so I guess we
(probably need) _________________ to find another place where we (can) ________
do our homework without being disturbed.
18) I’m convinced they (have) ____________ a nice holiday.
19) The plane (leave) _____________ at 4:25, so be punctual!
20) He (repair) ___________________ the car next week; he has already
written this in his calender.
Key (Lösungen)
Übung 1:
1) visits, lives 2)
take, must 3) go, like 4) gets up, are 5) smiles, is
Übung 2:
1) is crying 2) is
taking 3) is sliding 4) is cooking 5) are arriving
Übung 3:
1) goes, decides 2)
is, knows, is taking part, must, help oder are helping 3) rains, are 4)
don’t like, think, makes 5) is working, is 6) speak 7) like, think, is, know,
doesn’t like 8) is always coming, must 9) can, is, is raining 10) has, must,
has 11) tells, prefer 12) is sitting 13) am only telling, wants 14) is, starts,
takes, sits 15) put 16) is, is playing 17) want, say, must 18) move, sell, buy,
suffer, lose, must 19) are, are training, are taking part 20) goes, is meeting,
are sitting
Übung 4:
1) The storm was
blowing heavily. The windows were making loud sounds and I heard that dogs were
barking outside.
2) We went to the
bar, ordered 3 drinks, drank them quickly and then ran to the station.
3) Sometimes Old
Bill used to visit (visited) his mother but often he stayed at home and watched
TV.
4) Grandfather
would always go (always went) into the cellar, where he drank a Whisky.
5) He was (just)
writing a letter when the phone rang.
6) The weather was
nice, it was warm and the sun was shining. But the wind was blowing a bit.
7) I used to smoke
about 10 cigarettes a day, but I gave up smoking when I (got) married.
8) The man was
talking and talking. He told the kids everything they wanted to know.
9) We learned the
grammar rules 3 years ago in 2nd class. But I always chatted with my
friends and never listened to the teacher.
10) I never liked
Liz very much, but when she told me that I was a silly cow I really hated her!
Übung 5:
1) was, went,
decided 2) was, expected 3) was raining, were 4) listened, went 5) were
driving, blast, crashed 6) went out, were staying 7) heard, loved 8) was, was
shining, were singing, were walking 9) always took (would always take) 10) were
waiting, had to, left, was, were sparkling 11) told, preferred 13) wanted, had
to, sent 14) switched on, typed in, opened, deleted 15) didn’t know, was lying,
was, were shaking, dialed 16) was, made, started, were talking, turned out 17)
wanted, decided 18) stayed (oder: were staying) married 19) joined up,
produced, mixed 20) arrived, realized, were (was = ugs), was blowing, were nodding, was slowly
sinking, gave 21) were chasing (oder: chased), were driving, pulled, left,
tried, failed
Übung 6:
1) I have been
waiting for your call since 10. 2) She
has attended high school for 3 years. 3)
The kids have behaved really well lately.
4) Julian has been
watching TV all afternoon long. 5) I
have been working on this intensive grammar course for more than 5 hours
already. 6) The car has crashed with
another one; now the breakdown service must come. 7) I have already started writing the
homework. 8) Petey hasn’t come home yet. 9) It has just turned 3 am . 10)
Have you ever been to Paris
Übung 7:
1) have lived,
since 2) haven’t gone, for 3) For, have you been waiting 4) Have you been
watching, since 5) haven’t been, for 6) has been, for 7) has learned, for 8) have
been trying, since 9) has lived (oder has been living) for 10) hasn’t seen, for
11) hasn’t arrived 12) haven’t watched, since 13) has been crying, since 14)
since, have they been married, for 15) haven’t heard, for 16) have been going
on our nerves, for 17) have been wanting, since 18) Haven’t I told you 19) have
drunk 20) have been feeling (oder have felt), for, haven’t left, since
Übung 8:
1) After the
patient had arrived at the hospital, the doctor operated him.
2) The woman saw
that someone had stolen her car.
3) They had been
living in Amsterdam Germany
4) Until he
celebrated his 12th birthday, he had never seen the sea.
5) The workers had
been working all day long, so they were very tired.
6) He went to the
cinema; before, he had met (oder: had been meeting) his girlfriend.
7) All day long the
sun had been shining, so it was very hot.
8) He had already
visited Germany Berlin
9) The Romans built
great buildings; before them, only the Greeks had built so impressively.
10) He had been
trying all day long, and now he was tired.
Übung 9:
1)
Someone
had broken in through the window before the lady came home.
2)
I had
met the girl in the morning and saw her again in the afternoon.
3)
The house
was burning because the cables had short-circuited.
4)
The
roads were slippery because it had snowed all night long.
5)
She was
happy when she saw her mother again, as she had been waiting for this moment…
Übung 10:
1) arrived, had
already taken off 2) had gone (oder went), still didn’t manage 3) was, had been
making 4) had left, spent (was spending) 5) performed, had been rehearsing
(oder had rehearsed)
Übung 11:
1) are going to
have - geplant 2) won’t give – if Satz 3) will help, will take – spontan 4)
will never shout – Versprechen 5) will cost – Vorhersage 6) is going to get –
Vorhersage mit Beweisen in der Gegenwart 7) are going to accept –
beschlossen/geplant 8) will send – Vorhersage/Vermutung 9) will you do –
unsicher, will visit – unsicher, I’m going to spend – geplant 10) will visit -
unsicher
Übung 12:
1) I’m not going to
accept – Absicht, will do – if Satz 2) will be – Versprechen, 3) is not going
to be – Vorhersage mit Beweisen in d. Gegenwart 4) will have left – ‘by’+
Zeitangabe verlangt Future Perfect 5) will call – hope verlangt will-Future 6)
will let – if Satz, can – Modal Verbs verändern sich nicht 7) are going to visit – geplant , will be –
Vermutung 8) close – Timetable Future, must – Modal Verb, 9) will be sitting ,
will be enjoying – genaue Zeitangabe in Zukunft + längere Handlung 10) are staying (oder are going to stay) –
fixed, planned and arranged 11) will
help – spontan, can – Modal Verb 12) is going to rain – Vorhersage mit Beweisen
13) will be, will be found – Wetterbericht 14) will explain –
Annahme/Vorhersage 15) won’t break – hope verlangt will Future 16) will repair
– Versprechen 17) are going to be doing – geplant + längere Handlung (oder are
going to do) , will probably need – Vermutung, can – Modal Verb 18) will have –
Vermutung/Vorhersage 19) leaves – Timetable Future 20) is going to repair -
geplant
All exercises and explanations © 2005
Bernie Zöttl - sprachraum-innsbruck.com
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